Sheheke and his wife Yellow Corn had a significant role in the Lewis and Clark expedition, and an even more significant affect on the fur trade immediately following.
Sheheke’s Wife, Yellow Corn (1807)[1]The artist himself erroneously labeled the portrait, at the left edge, jeune indienne des iowas du missoury—“Indian girl of the Iowas of the Missouri.” Ellen G. Miles, Saint-Memin and … Continue reading
by Charles B. J. F. de Saint Mémin (1770–1852)
Elizabeth DeMilt Fund, Collection of the New York Historical Society Museum
Pencil and charcoal on paper, 21-1/4 by 15-1/4 inches.
Sheheke (“Coyote”), the principal chief of the lower Mandan village, Matutonka (or Matootonha), was nicknamed “Big White” by an unknown white man, evidently because of his size and relatively fair complexion. He would be the nucleus of a delegation to Washington City. According to an observer at a New Year’s Day celebration at Washington City in 1807, Yellow Corn had “pretty features, a pale yellowish hue, bunches of ear-rings, and her hair divided in the middle, a red line running right across from the back part of the forehead.”[2]Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 30. 2 vols, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, … Continue reading The couple would not be able to return to their people for many years.
Related Pages
Sheheke’s Delegation
by Joseph A. Mussulman
Sheheke’s diplomatic trip to Washington City and his difficult return home brought down the careers of at least two great leaders—himself, and Meriwether Lewis.
October 26, 1804
Mitutanka
The expedition arrives at Mitutanka—a Mandan village at the Knife River Village complex. Lewis visits the village while Clark entertains visiting Mandans who are “much pleased with the Corn mill”.
October 30, 1804
Sheheke's introduction
Sheheke and one other come to the expedition’s camp at the Knife River Villages having missed yesterday’s council. Clark and eight men head up the river in search of a place to spend the winter.
October 31, 1804
Black Cat speaks
Clark visits Posecopsahe (Black Cat), the main chief at Ruptáre, one of the five Knife River Villages. Posecopsahe wishes for peace and returns two beaver traps recently stolen from two French traders.
November 12, 1804
Mandan history lesson
Sheheke and his wife—likely Yellow Corn—visit the Fort Mandan construction site. She brings 100 pounds of meat, and he tells the Mandan creation story. He also describes the Hidatsa and Crow Nations.
December 7, 1804
Hunting buffalo
A group of hunters joins with the Mandans, and Sgt. Gass is impressed with their buffalo hunting skills and well-trained horses. By day’s end, several suffer frostbite, and Clark issues half a gill of rum.
December 14, 1804
The buffalo disappear
Clark takes a hunting party eighteen miles outside Fort Mandan but the buffalo seem to have disappeared. At the fort, Lewis entertains Chief Sheheke (Big White) and Sgt. Ordway hosts fourteen Mandans.
January 1, 1805
A new year at Fort Mandan
At Fort Mandan, New Year’s Day starts with rain and cannon fire. Several enlisted men are allowed to visit Mitutanka—a nearby Mandan village, and Clark orders York to dance for them. He also learns of a conflict between the two Hidatsa villages, and the day ends snowy and cold.
January 7, 1805
Maps from Indian information
Sheheke (Big White) brings a sketch of the Yellowstone River country into Fort Mandan. He also provides oral information which Clark uses to draw a map. Three hunters return having suffered from the cold.
February 6, 1805
A happy resource
Several Mandan men from Mitutanka briefly visit Fort Mandan, and Lewis describes the blacksmiths as a ‘happy resource’. Elsewhere, Clark’s large group hunts near present Square Butte Creek, North Dakota.
February 21, 1805
Mandan Medicine Stone
At Fort Mandan, Big White and Big Man tell Clark that several Mandan men left the Knife River Villages to consult their Medicine Stone. Lewis’s hunting party returns with about 3,000 pounds of meat.
March 19, 1805
Hidatsa war parties
At Fort Mandan, two Mandan chiefs tell the captains that the Hidatsas are forming war parties. Sgt. Gass seeks helpers to move the new dugout canoes from his canoe camp to the river.
Pryor’s Intended Route
The best of intentions
by Joseph A. Mussulman
Via the shorter route, Pryor would have arrived at the Knife River villages by about 6 August 1806. A trip to see Hugh Heney at Fort Assiniboine would take another two weeks.
August 16, 1806
Parting gifts
At the Knife River Villages in present North Dakota, a Mandan village gifts more corn than the expedition boats can carry. A swivel gun is given to Hidatsa Chief Le Borgne and the blacksmith tools to Charbonneau. Mandan Chief Sheheke (Big White) agrees to go to Washington City.
Having been recalled as Governor of Upper Louisiana, discredited James Wilkinson leaves St. Louis—a move that would directly impact Meriwether Lewis.
August 17, 1806
An offer to raise Jean Baptiste
The expedition leaves the Knife River Villages without Pvt. Colter and the Charbonneau family. Clark encourages the Charbonneaus to come to St. Louis where he can arrange the education of Jean Baptiste.
August 18, 1806
A Mandan history lesson
Despite windy conditions, the expedition makes forty miles down the Missouri River. Chief Sheheke (Big White) tells Clark his people’s history. Near the Heart River, he tells the Mandan Creation Story.
August 21, 1806
At the Arikara villages
At the Arikara villages above present Mobridge, South Dakota, several councils are conducted between various Mandans, Arikaras, and Cheyennes. One of their 1804 engagés shares ominous news.
August 28, 1806
A day at Pleasant Camp
The expedition arrives at an old camp—known as Pleasant or Plum Camp—below present Oacoma, South Dakota. They collect zoological specimens, make leather for new clothes, and pick plums.
October 21, 1806
Leaving St. Louis
On or about this day, Meriwether Lewis, William Clark leave St. Louis bound for Washington City. With them are a delegation from the Osage Nation, Pierre Chouteau, York, and Mandan chief Sheheke and his family. They likely rendezvous at Fort Kaskaskia where former expedition members John Ordway and François Labiche wait with horses, supplies, and equipage.
Near Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. Attorney General John Breckinridge writes to President Thomas Jefferson to explain his absence in Washington City. He mentions that he has been expecting a visit from Meriwether Lewis.
Notes
| ↑1 | The artist himself erroneously labeled the portrait, at the left edge, jeune indienne des iowas du missoury—“Indian girl of the Iowas of the Missouri.” Ellen G. Miles, Saint-Memin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994), 434–35. |
|---|---|
| ↑2 | Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 30. 2 vols, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1912) 146. |
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- The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Day by Day by Gary E. Moulton (University of Nebraska Press, 2018). The story in prose, 14 May 1804–23 September 1806.
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