Day-by-Day / February 12, 1805

February 12, 1805

Cottonwood feed

At Fort Mandan below the Knife River Villages, blacksmiths shoe horses and three sleds are prepared to retrieve the harvest from Clark‘s hunt. Lewis is amazed that Mandan and Hidatsa horses prefer cottonwood bark over meal.

Shoeing Horses

ordered the Blacksmith to shoe the horses and some others to prepare some gears in order to send them down with three slays to join the hunting party and transport the meat which they may have pocured to this place—
Meriwether Lewis

Cottonwood for Horses

Drewyer arrived with the horses about the same time, the horses appeared much fatieged I directed some meal brands given them moisened with a little water but to my astonishment found that they would not eat it but prefered the bark of the cotton wood which forms the principall article of food usually given them by their Indian masters in the winter season;
William Clark

Ethnologist Gilbert Wilson provides more detail about sheltering and feeding horses during the winter:

Brought into the lodge, branches and bark were piled near the fire to thaw. About sunset, they were piled under the corral railing for the ponies to eat. The horses ate chiefly at night, but some of the fodder was saved for the morning.

. . . . .

The horses stood facing the fire as they fed. Twigs and smaller branches they ate readily; but limbs as thick as my wrist, they stripped of bark with their teeth. For this reason, the twigs and branchlets had been cut off and were piled by themselves. The thicker limbs, thus freed of branches, were more easily stripped by the ponies’ teeth.

. . . . .

We did not dare let our good horses stay out on the prairie at night, for enemies were frequently troublesome, and a foolish man might thus lose all his horses . . . .

We feed our horses no other kind of bark than cottonwood. It fattened the horses.[1]Gilbert L. Wilson, The Horse and the Dog in Hidatsa Culture, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XV, Part II (New York: American Museum Press, 1924), 175–76, … Continue reading

Returning Hunters

A little after dark this evening Capt. Clark arrived with the hunting party— since they set out they have killed forty Deer, three buffaloe bulls, & sixteen Elk, most of them were so meager that they were unfit for uce,
—Meriwether Lewis

Hungry Wolves

the wolves also which are here extreemly numerous heped themselves to a considerable proportion of the hunt— if an anamal is killed and lyes only one night exposed to the wolves it is almost invariably devoured by them.
—Meriwether Lewis

 

Weather Diary

State of the Ther. at sun symbol rise Weather Wind at sun symbol rise Thermt. at 4 oCk. P.M. Weather Wind at 4 oCk. P.M. River
14 [below 0] fair S E 2 [above 0] fair W.  

Capt. Clark and party returned from hunting
—Meriwether Lewis[2]To assist the reader, the editor of this web page has omitted the date column, merged the “State of the River at sun symbol rise” columns, and spelled out some abbreviations.

 

Experience the Lewis and Clark Trail

The Lewis and Clark Trail Experience—our sister site at lewisandclark.travel—connects the world to people and places on the Lewis and Clark Trail.

Plan a trip related to February 12, 1805:

Logo: Lewis and Clark.travel
 

Notes

Notes
1 Gilbert L. Wilson, The Horse and the Dog in Hidatsa Culture, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XV, Part II (New York: American Museum Press, 1924), 175–76, archive.org/details/horsedoginhidats0015wils.
2 To assist the reader, the editor of this web page has omitted the date column, merged the “State of the River at sun symbol rise” columns, and spelled out some abbreviations.

Discover More

  • The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Day by Day by Gary E. Moulton (University of Nebraska Press, 2018). The story in prose, 14 May 1804–23 September 1806.
  • The Lewis and Clark Journals: An American Epic of Discovery (abridged) by Gary E. Moulton (University of Nebraska Press, 2003). Selected journal excerpts, 14 May 1804–23 September 1806.
  • The Lewis and Clark Journals. by Gary E. Moulton (University of Nebraska Press, 1983–2001). The complete story in 13 volumes.