October 24, 1804

Early Start

Set out early a Cloudy day Some little Snow in the morning I am Something better of the Rhumutim in my neck— a butifull Countrey on both Sides of the river. The bottoms Covd. with wood, we have Seen no game on the river to day a prof of the Indians hunting in the neighbourhod
—William Clark

Mandan Cordiality

passed a Island on the S. S. made by the river Cutting through a point, by which the river is Shortened Several miles— on this Isld. we Saw one of the Grand Chiefs of the Mandins, with five Lodges hunting, this Cheif met the Chief of the Ricares who accompanied us with great Cordiallity & Sermony Smoked the pipe
—William Clark

Of the decorative pipe stems in the figure, ethnographer Henry Schoolcraft wrote:

The Indian pipe has a flat wooden stem, about three feet and a half long, which is elaborately and tastefully ornamented with native pigments, dyed porcupine-quills, birds’ feathers, colored hair, or pendent feathers. . . . In figure 6, which is a plain flat stem, the object is to excite wonder how the pith of the wood should not interfere with the quadrangular perforations. This is accomplished by tracing a waving channel on two corresponding thin, flat pieces, which are afterwards glued together, and the line of junction concealed with paint. Sometimes, however, this stem is made from a single piece, having a crooked pith.

No. 10 represents the Chippewa and Dacota pipe-stem, ornamented with the scalp of the male duck’s head, and having five pendent feathers, with the quill ornamented with thin splits, worked with porcupine. This is called the peace pipe. No. 11 is the simplest kind of stem.^[1]Henry R. Schoolcraft, Information Respecting the History and Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States (Philadelphia: Lippencott, Grambo & Co., 1852), 2:512.

The Arikara chief is Too Né (Eagle Feather).